The world is awash with a variety of energy sources. Fossil-based fuels such as natural gas, oil and coal–accounted for over 81 percent of all energy consumed in 2018. Renewables, like solar power, wind power, hydroelectricity and biomass, make up for 14 percent. Nuclear energy accounts for another 5 percent. Different countries have different combinations of energy sources, and are able to balance economic needs with environmental concerns.
Nature’s energy is available in a variety of forms such as wind, sun, waves, and ocean. These primary sources transform into more efficient forms of energy, like electricity or heat, when they are harnessed. These energy sources become non-renewable sources of energy once they have been exhausted.
Many fossil fuels as well as some of the other sources of energy that aren’t renewable are damaging the environment. For instance, oil mining is a destructive process that can destroy the planet’s virgin forests. Fracking (hydraulic fracturing) can lead to water pollution and earthquakes. The combustion of coal releases carbon dioxide, which contributes to global warming.
Fortunately, some of the most promising sources of energy are renewable and sustainable. Wind, solar and hydropower can produce, for instance, electricity without digging up new sources.
Tidal and Wave Power are two other renewable energy sources that are emerging. To be used on an extensive scale, these technologies need to have effective distribution networks. They need to be constructed, which requires the use of non-renewable energy. These sources aren’t enough to provide the majority of our index energy needs. It is important to keep in mind that the cost of renewable energy equipment has fallen dramatically in recent years and the efficiency is rising.
